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| Toxin Name |
μ-agatoxin-Hc1b |
| Source Species |
Hololena curta (Corner funnel weaver) |
| Toxin Group |
Agatoxin |
| Description |
Insecticidal neurotoxin that induces rapid and irreversible flaccid paralysis when injected into crickets. Modifies presynaptic voltage-gated sodium channels, causing them to open at the normal resting potential of the nerve. This leads to spontaneous release of neurotransmitter and repetitive action potentials in motor neurons. An engineered baculovirus expressing a transgene encoding the related toxin μ-agatoxin-Aa1d has improved insecticidal efficacy.
The primary structure of the mature toxin is identical to μ-agatoxin-Aa1c (μ-Aga III) from the taxonomically related spider Agelenopsis aperta.
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| Discovered |
1989 |
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| This toxin last updated on May 31, 2009 |
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| Current Taxonomy |
Historic Taxonomy |
| Kingdom |
Animalia |
| Phylum |
Arthropoda |
| Class |
Arachnida |
| Order |
Araneae |
| Infra-order |
Araneomorphae |
| Family |
Agelenidae |
| Genus |
Hololena |
| Species |
curta |
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| Agelena curta |
| Hololena curta |
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| Molecular Target |
ED50 |
IC50 |
Kd |
Pharmacophore |
Comment |
| Sodium channel, voltage-gated (para-type) (invertebrate) |
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| Taxon |
ED50 |
LD50 |
PD50 |
Qualitative Information |
| Acheta domesticus |
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975.0
pmol/g
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LD50 value converted from literature value of 4 ug/g using a molecular weight of 4101.5 Da for the fully oxidized peptide
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| Original Deposition References |
Stapleton A., Blankenship D.T., Ackermann D.L., Chen T.-M., Gorder G.W., Manley G.D., Palfreyman M.G., Coutant J.E., Cardin A.D.
J. Biol. Chem. 265:2054-2059(1990).
Curtatoxins. Neurotoxic insecticidal polypeptides isolated from the funnel-web spider Hololena curta.
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Quistad G.B., Reuter C.C., Skinner W.S., Dennis P.A., Suwanrumpha S., Fu E.W.
Toxicon 29:329-336(1991).
Paralytic and insecticidal toxins from the funnel web spider, Hololena curta.
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| Disulfide Bonds |
Posttranslational modifications |
| Left Residue |
Right Residue |
Evidence |
| 3 |
19 |
By homology |
| 10 |
24 |
By homology |
| 18 |
34 |
By homology |
| 26 |
32 |
By homology |
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| Residue Number |
Type |
Symbol |
| 38 |
C-terminal amidation |
NH₂ |
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| Peptide Sequences |
>as:μ-agatoxin-Hc1b|sp:P60177 Insecticidal neurotoxin (Curtatoxin II) from the spider Hololena curta
ADCVGDGQRCADWAGPYCCSGYYCSCRSMPYCRCRSDS |
Full BLAST |
BLAST mature toxin only
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| Synonym |
Type |
| μ-agatoxin-Hc1b |
Recommended full name |
| μ-AGTX-Hc1b |
Recommended abbreviation |
| Curtatoxin II |
Synonym |
| CT-II |
Synonym |
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