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| Toxin Name |
α-Latroinsectotoxin-Lt1a |
| Source Species |
Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (European black widow spider) |
| Toxin Group |
Theriditoxin |
| Description |
Insecticidal toxin that induces massive neurotransmitter release at insect but not vertebrate neuromuscular junctions. It is synthesized as a 154 kDa precursor that is cleaved by furin-like proteases at both the N- and C-termini to produce an active mature toxin of ~130 kDa. An unusual feature of the primary structure is the presence of 21 ankyrin repeats. The molecular mechanism by which the toxin induces neurotransmitter release is presumed to be similar to that of the paralogous vertebrate-specific α-latrotoxin-Lt1a isolated from the same venom. The toxin forms channels with 0.55-0.58 nm entrance diameter and a relatively small conductance of 23 pS in planar phospholipid membranes. |
| Discovered |
1992 |
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Sex: Female, Prosoma length: 20mm
Photo courtesy of Bastian Rast
Use of photo governed by creative
commons noncommercial license
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| This toxin last updated on Jul 27, 2010 |
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| Current Taxonomy |
Historic Taxonomy |
| Kingdom |
Animalia |
| Phylum |
Arthropoda |
| Class |
Arachnida |
| Order |
Araneae |
| Infra-order |
Araneomorphae |
| Family |
Theridiidae |
| Genus |
Latrodectus |
| Species |
tredecimguttatus |
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| "Aranea" "13-guttata" |
| "Aranea" "brevipes" |
| "Latrodectus" "13-guttatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "13decimguttatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "5-guttatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "argus" |
| "Latrodectus" "conglobatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "erebus" |
| "Latrodectus" "hispidus" |
| "Latrodectus" "lugubris" |
| "Latrodectus" "mactans" |
| "Latrodectus" "mactans tredecimguttatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "malmignatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "martius" |
| "Latrodectus" "oculatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "tredecimguttatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "tredecimguttatus lugubris" |
| "Latrodectus" "venator" |
| "Meta" "hispida" |
| "Theridion" "lugubre" |
| "Theridion" "tredecim-guttatum" |
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| Molecular Target |
ED50 |
IC50 |
Kd |
Pharmacophore |
Comment |
| Presynaptic nerve terminal |
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| Taxon |
ED50 |
LD50 |
PD50 |
Qualitative Information |
| Galleria mellonella |
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0.11
pmol/g
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ref 3. LD50 calculated based on literature value of 15 µg/kg and M=131043 Da.
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| Original Deposition References |
Kiyatkin N.N.I., Dulubova I.I.E., Grishin E.E.V.
Eur. J. Biochem. 213:121-127 (1993)
Cloning and structural analysis of (alpha)-latroinsectotoxin cDNA: abundance of ankyrin-like repeats
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| Other References |
Grishin EV.
Toxicon 36:1693-1701 (1998)
Black widow spider toxins: the present and the future
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Ashton A.C., Rahman M.A., Volynski K.E., Manser C., Orlova E.V., Matsushita H., Davletov B.A., van Heel M., Grishin E.V., Ushkaryov Y.A.
Biochimie 82:453-468 (2000)
Tetramerisation of alpha-latrotoxin by divalent cations is responsible for toxin-induced non-vesicular release and contributes to the Ca(2+)-dependent vesicular exocytosis from synaptosomes
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Rohou A., Nield J., Ushkaryov Y.A.
Toxicon 49:531-549 (2007)
Insecticidal toxins from black widow spider venom
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Shatursky O.Y., Volkova T.M., Himmelreich N.H., Grishin E.V.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1768:2757-2763 (2007)
The geometry of the ionic channel lumen formed by alpha-latroinsectotoxin from black widow spider venom in the bilayer lipid membranes
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| Peptide Sequences |
>as:α-Latroinsectotoxin-Lt1a|sp:Q02989 Insecticidal toxin (alpha-latroinsectotoxin) from venom of the black widow spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus
ACSSPEVSIFHFFVYAGSFVKNFKKMKGSSAISKREMSRADQCKLLAYTAVGYETVGNVA
ADIASIEGANLVAAPVAAGGHLGKGLTDAAMIAMDCSSIPFEEIKEILNKEFKEMGRKLD
KNTEALEHVSKLVSKTLSTVEKIRVEMREGFKLVIETIENIATKEIVFDINKIVQYFNNE
RENINSRQKEEFVAKLQEPAPGNFLLYLRNSRTSESGTLYSLLFRIIDQELAIPNNAGDN
NAIQALYALFYGTETFISIMFYLVKQYSYLAEYHYQKGNLEEFNTNFDHMKIVFQDFKFS
LIGINQNTKPLVDEVLNVLNNVKNKSFIRNVQNKLFYDLMKQTESLLELKKEIANMELPI
IDETPRLSISISFKERSDDKPVDTPLLKWDKGKEVKYAIQFEQDGKFSKISSWSKPVTVQ
HLACPFISVDKDRRNRLIFRQFGDQIPELVGTLRGSQVEFRDIHRDLYNAAQVPYAREAL
SISRTLIQNGANVSETFELGRGAIHAAASAGNYDVGELLLNKDINLLEKADKNGYTPLHI
AADSNKNDFVMFLIGNNADVNVRTKSDLFTPLHLAARRDLTDVTQTLIDITEIDLNAQDK
SGFTPLHLSISSTSETAAILIRNTNAVINIKSKVGLTPLHLATLQNNLSVSKLLAGKGAY
LNDGDANGMTPLHYAAMTGNLEMVDFLLNQQYININAATKEKKWTPLHLAILFKKNDVAE
RLLSDENLNIRLETNGGINPLHLASATGNKQLVIELLAKNADVTRLTSKGFSALHLGIIG
KNEEIPFFLVEKGANVNDKTNSGVTPLHFAAGLGKANIFRLLLSRGADIKAEDINSQMPI
HEAVSNGHLEIVRILIEKDPSLMNVKNIRNEYPFYLAVEKRYKDIFDYFVSKDANVNEVD
HNGNTLLHLFSSTGELEVVQFLMQNGANFRLKNNERKTFFDLAIENGRLNIVAFAVEKNK
VNLQAAHRGKTILYHAICDSAKYDKIEIVKYFIEKLNESECNPLHEAAAYAHLDLVKYFV
QERGINPAEFNEENQASPFCITIHGAPCGYSLDCDTPDRLEVVEYLSDKIPDINGKCDVQ
ENTPITVAIFANKVSILNYLVGIGADPNQQVDGDPPLYIAARQGRFEIVRCLIEVHKVDI
NTRNKERFTALHAAARNDFMDVVKYLVRQGADVNAKGIDDLRPIDIAGEKAKAYLQSSRF
LRSGHSFQSNEIDSFGNTIHGISMSARTNDKLTQQISSKGTRSDSNSTEGKMHSENVHVR
SIDVNGALLLLDFMIRVFASKKTNFAPYGSRIKTRSAAEAQAEALIMTERFENLLSGLIG
DPIPDSIDFSNVHSKIYKAIMSGRRSVISEMLCSFAEEYSKLNHESIKQLLSEFETLTTT
KASEIHIEESVPYAPFEICELKVNSNVSQIK |
Full BLAST |
BLAST mature toxin only
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| mRNA Sequences |
>as:α-Latroinsectotoxin-Lt1a|gb:Z14086 cDNA sequence for precursor of insecticidal toxin (alpha-latroinsectotoxin) from venom of the black widow spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus
GCTTGCTCTTCACCAGAAGTAAGTATTTTTCATTTCTTTGTTTATGCAGGTAGCTTTGTG
AAGAATTTTAAAAAAATGAAGGGAAGTAGCGCGATTTCTAAGAGAGAAATGTCAAGAGCA
GATCAGTGTAAGCTTCTTGCGTATACTGCTGTAGGATACGAAACGGTGGGCAACGTTGCA
GCCGATATCGCTTCCATTGAGGGAGCGAATCTGGTAGCCGCACCGGTTGCAGCTGGCGGT
CACCTTGGCAAAGGTCTGACTGACGCCGCAATGATAGCCATGGATTGCTCTAGCATACCA
TTTGAGGAAATAAAAGAAATCTTAAATAAAGAATTTAAAGAAATGGGTAGAAAACTCGAT
AAGAACACCGAAGCCTTAGAACACGTTTCTAAATTAGTCTCTAAAACATTGTCCACCGTC
GAAAAGATTAGAGTTGAGATGAGGGAAGGGTTTAAACTTGTTATCGAAACAATTGAGAAC
ATTGCAACAAAAGAAATAGTTTTTGATATTAATAAAATTGTTCAATACTTTAATAACGAA
AGAGAAAATATAAATTCTCGACAAAAAGAAGAATTTGTTGCTAAACTGCAAGAACCAGCT
CCTGGAAATTTTTTGCTCTATTTAAGAAATTCTAGAACTTCTGAAAGTGGCACTCTTTAT
TCTTTACTATTTAGAATTATCGACCAAGAGTTGGCAATTCCAAATAATGCTGGGGATAAT
AATGCAATTCAGGCTCTTTACGCTCTGTTCTATGGTACTGAGACGTTCATTTCTATCATG
TTTTATTTAGTCAAGCAATACTCGTATCTCGCAGAGTATCACTACCAAAAAGGTAATCTG
GAGGAATTCAATACAAATTTCGATCATATGAAAATAGTATTCCAAGATTTCAAATTCTCT
CTTATTGGTATTAACCAAAACACGAAGCCTTTGGTGGATGAAGTCCTTAATGTTTTAAAC
AATGTAAAAAATAAAAGCTTTATTAGAAATGTCCAAAATAAATTGTTTTATGACCTAATG
AAACAAACTGAATCTTTGCTGGAACTCAAGAAAGAAATTGCGAATATGGAACTGCCTATT
ATAGATGAAACTCCCAGATTATCCATTTCTATTTCTTTTAAAGAGAGAAGTGATGATAAG
CCTGTTGATACACCACTTTTAAAGTGGGATAAGGGAAAGGAAGTAAAATATGCTATACAA
TTCGAGCAAGATGGTAAGTTCTCTAAAATTAGCAGTTGGTCGAAACCGGTAACAGTGCAG
CACTTAGCATGCCCATTTATTTCGGTAGATAAAGATAGGAGAAACAGATTAATTTTTCGG
CAATTTGGAGACCAAATACCAGAGCTAGTGGGCACTCTGAGAGGTTCTCAGGTTGAATTT
CGGGATATCCATCGTGATCTGTACAATGCAGCGCAAGTTCCTTATGCGAGAGAAGCACTG
AGTATCAGCCGAACGCTCATACAAAACGGTGCCAATGTGAGTGAAACATTCGAATTGGGC
AGAGGAGCTATTCACGCAGCTGCATCAGCTGGAAATTATGATGTTGGGGAATTGCTTCTA
AATAAAGACATTAATTTGCTCGAAAAGGCTGATAAAAACGGTTACACTCCACTTCACATA
GCTGCTGATTCAAATAAGAATGATTTCGTTATGTTTCTAATCGGAAATAATGCAGATGTT
AATGTTCGAACTAAATCAGATTTATTTACTCCTTTACATTTAGCTGCACGGCGGGATTTA
ACAGATGTTACTCAAACATTGATTGATATCACTGAAATAGACCTTAATGCGCAAGACAAA
TCTGGATTCACTCCATTGCATCTCTCTATCTCTAGTACTTCTGAAACTGCTGCGATTCTC
ATACGAAATACAAACGCAGTAATAAACATAAAATCTAAGGTCGGATTAACTCCTTTACAT
CTGGCCACGCTTCAAAATAACTTAAGCGTTTCCAAGTTATTAGCTGGTAAAGGAGCTTAT
TTGAATGACGGCGATGCTAATGGGATGACTCCTCTGCATTATGCAGCGATGACGGGGAAT
TTAGAAATGGTTGATTTTCTTCTTAACCAACAGTACATAAATATTAATGCAGCTACGAAG
GAGAAAAAATGGACACCTTTGCATTTAGCCATTCTGTTTAAAAAGAATGATGTTGCGGAA
AGGTTACTAAGTGATGAAAATCTTAATATACGCTTGGAAACCAATGGAGGTATTAATCCT
TTGCATTTAGCTTCCGCAACTGGAAATAAGCAATTAGTAATTGAATTATTAGCAAAGAAT
GCGGATGTGACCAGATTAACATCCAAAGGTTTTTCTGCCCTTCATTTGGGGATAATAGGT
AAAAACGAGGAAATTCCATTCTTTCTGGTTGAAAAAGGAGCAAATGTTAACGATAAAACT
AACAGTGGAGTGACACCTTTACATTTTGCAGCTGGGTTGGGAAAAGCCAATATTTTCAGG
CTACTGCTCAGCCGAGGAGCAGATATTAAAGCTGAAGATATAAATTCTCAAATGCCTATT
CATGAAGCTGTATCGAATGGACATCTAGAAATTGTTAGAATACTCATTGAGAAAGATCCC
TCCCTGATGAACGTAAAAAATATCAGGAATGAATATCCCTTTTACCTAGCAGTGGAAAAA
CGCTATAAGGATATATTCGATTACTTTGTAAGCAAAGATGCTAACGTAAATGAGGTTGAT
CATAACGGGAACACACTTTTGCACTTATTTTCCAGTACAGGAGAACTTGAAGTTGTGCAG
TTCTTAATGCAAAACGGCGCTAACTTTCGCCTTAAAAATAATGAAAGGAAGACCTTCTTC
GATCTTGCTATTGAAAATGGACGCTTAAACATTGTGGCCTTTGCTGTAGAGAAAAACAAG
GTGAATCTCCAAGCAGCCCACAGAGGAAAAACGATTCTGTATCATGCAATTTGTGATTCT
GCAAAATACGACAAGATTGAAATTGTAAAATATTTCATTGAAAAACTTAATGAAAGTGAA
TGCAATCCATTGCATGAAGCCGCGGCTTACGCGCATTTAGATTTAGTGAAATACTTCGTT
CAGGAAAGAGGAATAAATCCGGCAGAATTTAATGAGGAAAATCAAGCGTCTCCTTTCTGT
ATCACTATACACGGGGCGCCATGCGGATATTCACTTGACTGTGATACGCCTGACCGGTTA
GAAGTGGTTGAGTATCTCTCAGACAAAATACCCGATATTAACGGAAAGTGTGATGTCCAG
GAAAACACTCCAATAACCGTAGCCATATTTGCAAATAAAGTCAGCATTTTAAATTATTTA
GTAGGGATCGGAGCTGATCCCAACCAACAAGTTGATGGAGATCCTCCTTTATACATTGCG
GCAAGGCAAGGACGTTTCGAAATTGTAAGATGTTTGATAGAAGTGCATAAGGTCGACATA
AATACTAGAAATAAAGAGCGGTTTACGGCACTACACGCTGCAGCCCGGAACGATTTTATG
GATGTAGTGAAATATCTCGTAAGGCAAGGGGCCGATGTCAATGCTAAAGGTATAGATGAT
CTTAGGCCCATCGACATTGCTGGAGAAAAAGCAAAAGCATACCTGCAATCGTCTCGTTTC
CTTCGAAGCGGTCATTCTTTTCAATCAAACGAAATCGATAGTTTTGGTAATACGATACAC
GGTATTTCTATGTCAGCAAGGACAAATGATAAATTAACTCAACAAATATCTTCTAAAGGA
ACCAGATCGGATTCTAATTCAACGGAAGGCAAAATGCATTCAGAAAACGTCCATGTCCGC
AGCATTGACGTTAACGGAGCACTTCTGCTATTGGATTTTATGATTAGAGTTTTTGCGAGT
AAGAAAACGAATTTCGCCCCCTACGGCTCCAGAATAAAGACGCGCTCAGCTGCAGAAGCG
CAGGCTGAAGCACTGATAATGACAGAACGATTCGAAAATCTTTTGAGTGGTTTGATTGGC
GACCCGATTCCCGATTCTATAGACTTTTCCAACGTTCATTCGAAGATATACAAAGCCATT
ATGAGTGGGAGACGAAGTGTAATATCAGAAATGCTATGTTCCTTTGCAGAAGAGTATTCT
AAACTGAATCATGAAAGTATAAAACAGCTTCTATCAGAATTCGAAACGCTCACTACTACT
AAAGCATCCGAAATTCATATTGAAGAAAGTGTTCCTTATGCTCCTTTTGAAATATGTGAA
TTAAAGGTTAATTCGAATGTCTCACAAATCAAGTAATTAAAGAAAATGAAATATATATGG
ATTATCTTATGAAGTAAGTATTGCATTTTACCTATTAAGTTCACTCGAAATTATTTATTT
TATTTTGTTTAACTCATACGCTTAACGCAATAATATAAAATAGCTATTAATTTATTATAA
TACATAGTAAGTTTTATTTATCATTAAATGAAAAGGGGCATTTTTCATTTAATGATAAAA
TAATAATTCCATCTCCATAGTGGTTTTTTTTTTTTTACCTAATTTAAATAGTTTGTAACA
AGAGATTTAATTTTCTAATGCATAATTAGAAACATAGGTTATTGATTTATTTCTTAATAA
ATTAAAATTAAAATTTGCAACAAATTATTTTAATTGTTTATTTTAAAGCTTTTTTTTTAT
GCATTCCAAATTCTCTGAAATTTTCGATGTTTGAAATTCTAAGTAAAAGCACATTCAATA
TAAATGTATTTAATTAAAATTTTGTTTTAATACTTTTATTAAAATTCTGAACTTGACCTA
TGAATTGAAATCGCAATTATATAACACATCATATAAAAAAAATTATAAATATTATGATAT
AAATATCTAACCAAATTGCAAAGAGTGTAGTTCTTTAAATAGAAAGAAACAACTAAATTT
ACTTTAAAGTGGAACAATTGCATTTATTTAAATAAAAAAATGATTCCATATGTAATTCCA
GCTAACATTTGAAAACTTCTTAGTTTTAATAAATTTTTTGCGTTTTCTTAAATTTCTAAA
AGAATTGATTTTGTTAGAATTATCCTTTTATTTTTGAGAAATTTTTTTCATTTTAACTTC
TATTCTTTAAAATAGTACTGCAATGTATTTAATTTAATATATTTCATTTTTAACACAGTA
CTTTTCTTATTTCAAAACCTATCGATTTCTTAAGGCACTAAATGAAATTATTGCTTAAAT
CGATCATATGCATAGTTATATACTATGTTCTTCCTCCAAGTCTTT |
Full BLAST
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| Synonym |
Type |
| α-Latroinsectotoxin-Lt1a |
Recommended full name |
| α-LIT-Lt1a |
Recommended abbreviation |
| α-Latroinsectotoxin |
Synonym |
| α-LIT |
Synonym (abbreviation) |
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