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| Toxin Name |
δ-Latroinsectotoxin-Lt1a |
| Source Species |
Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (European black widow spider) |
| Toxin Group |
Theriditoxin |
| Description |
Insecticidal toxin that induces massive neurotransmitter release at insect but not vertebrate neuromuscular junctions. It is synthesized as a 134 kDa precursor that is cleaved by furin-like proteases at both the N- and C-termini to produce an active mature toxin of ~111 kDa. An unusual feature of the primary structure is the presence of 15 ankyrin repeats. Channels formed in locust muscle membrane and artificial lipid bilayers by the native toxin have high calcium permeability. The molecular mechanism by which the toxin induces neurotransmitter release is presumed to be similar to that of the paralogous vertebrate-specific α-latrotoxin-Lt1a isolated from the same venom.
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| Discovered |
1995 |
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Sex: Female, Prosoma length: 20mm
Photo courtesy of Bastian Rast
Use of photo governed by creative
commons noncommercial license
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| This toxin last updated on Jul 27, 2010 |
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| Current Taxonomy |
Historic Taxonomy |
| Kingdom |
Animalia |
| Phylum |
Arthropoda |
| Class |
Arachnida |
| Order |
Araneae |
| Infra-order |
Araneomorphae |
| Family |
Theridiidae |
| Genus |
Latrodectus |
| Species |
tredecimguttatus |
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| "Aranea" "13-guttata" |
| "Aranea" "brevipes" |
| "Latrodectus" "13-guttatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "13decimguttatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "5-guttatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "argus" |
| "Latrodectus" "conglobatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "erebus" |
| "Latrodectus" "hispidus" |
| "Latrodectus" "lugubris" |
| "Latrodectus" "mactans" |
| "Latrodectus" "mactans tredecimguttatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "malmignatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "martius" |
| "Latrodectus" "oculatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "tredecimguttatus" |
| "Latrodectus" "tredecimguttatus lugubris" |
| "Latrodectus" "venator" |
| "Meta" "hispida" |
| "Theridion" "lugubre" |
| "Theridion" "tredecim-guttatum" |
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| Molecular Target |
ED50 |
IC50 |
Kd |
Pharmacophore |
Comment |
| Presynaptic nerve terminal |
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| Taxon |
ED50 |
LD50 |
PD50 |
Qualitative Information |
| Galleria mellonella |
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0.54
pmol/g
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ref 2, LD50 calculated based on literature value of 60 µg/kg and M=110884 Da.
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| Musca domestica |
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0.45
pmol/g
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For recombinant toxin in house fly larvae (ref 1). LD50 calculated based on literature value of 50 µg/kg and M=110884 Da.
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| Original Deposition References |
Dulubova I.E., Krasnoperov V.G., Khvotchev M.V., Pluzhnikov K.A., Volkova T.M., Grishin E.V., Vais H., Bell D.R., Usherwood P.N.R.
J. Biol. Chem. 271:7535-7543 (1996)
Cloning and structure of delta-latroinsectotoxin, a novel insect-specific member of the latrotoxin family: functional expression requires C-terminal truncation
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Dulubova I.E., Khvoshchev M.V., Krasnoperov V.G., Galkina T.G., Pluzhnikov K.A., Volkova T.M., Grishin E.V.
Bioorg. Khim. 22:68-73 (1996)
Primary structure of delta-latroinsectotoxin from venom of the Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus spider [Russian]
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| Other References |
Grishin E.V.
Toxicon 36(11): 1693-1701 (1998)
Black widow spider toxins: the present and the future
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Ashton A.C., Rahman M.A., Volynski K.E., Manser C., Orlova E.V., Matsushita H., Davletov B.A., van Heel M., Grishin E.V., Ushkaryov Y.A.
Biochimie 82:453-468 (2000)
Tetramerisation of alpha-latrotoxin by divalent cations is responsible for toxin-induced non-vesicular release and contributes to the Ca(2+)-dependent vesicular exocytosis from synaptosomes
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Rohou A., Nield J., Ushkaryov Y.A.
Toxicon 49:531-549 (2007)
Insecticidal toxins from black widow spider venom
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| Peptide Sequences |
>as:δ-Latroinsectotoxin-Lt1a|sp:Q25338 Insecticidal toxin (Delta-latroinsectotoxin) from venom of the black widow spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus
MHSKELQTISAAVARKAVPNTMVIRLKRDEEDGEMTLEERQAQCKAIEYSNSVFGMIADV
ANDIGSIPVIGEVVGIVTAPIAIVSHITSAGLDIASTALDCDDIPFDEIKEILEERFNEI
DRKLDKNTAALEEVSKLVSKTFVTVEKTRNEMNENFKLVLETIESKEIKSIVFKINDFKK
FFEKERQRIKGLPKDRYVAKLLEQKGILGSLKEVREPSGNSLSSALNELLDKNNNYAIPK
VVDDNKAFQALYALFYGTQTYAAVMFFLLEQHSYLADYYYQKGDDVNFNAEFNNVAIIFD
DFKSSLTGGDDGLIDNVIEVLNTVKALPFIKNADSKLYRELVTRTKALETLKNQIKTTDL
PLIDDIPETLSQVNFPNDENQLPTPIGNWVDGVEVRYAVQYESKGMYSKFSEWSEPFTVQ
GNACPTIKVRVDPKKRNRLIFRKFNSGKPQFAGTMTHSQTNFKDIHRDLYDAALNINKLK
AVDEATTLIEKGADIEAKFDNDRSAMHAVAYRGNNKIALRFLLKNQSIDIELKDKNGFTP
LHIAAEAGQAGFVKLLINHGADVNAKTSKTNLTPLHLATRSGFSKTVRNLLESPNIKVNE
KEDDGFTPLHTAVMSTYMVVDALLNHPDIDKNAQSTSGLTPFHLAIINESQEVAESLVES
NADLNIQDVNHMAPIHFAASMGSIKMLRYLISIKDKVSINSVTENNNWTPLHFAIYFKKE
DAAKELLKQDDINLTIVADGNLTVLHLAVSTGQINIIKELLKRGSNIEEKTGEGYTSLHI
AAMRKEPEIAVVLIENGADIEARSADNLTPLHSAAKIGRKSTVLYLLEKGADIGAKTADG
STALHLAVSGRKMKTVETLLNKGANLKEYDNNKYLPIHKAIINDDLDMVRLFLEKDPSLK
DDETEEGRTSIMLIVQKLLLELYNYFINNYAETLDEEALFNRLDEQGKLELAYIFHNKEG
DAKEAVKPTILVTIKLMEYCLKKLREESGAPEGSFDSPSSKQCISTFSEDEMFRRTLPEI
VKETNSRYLPLKGFSRSLNKFLPSLKFAESKNSYRSENFVSNIDSNGALLLLDVFIRKFT
NEKYNLTGKEAVPYLEAKASSLRIASKFEELLTEVKGIPAGELINMAEVSSNIHKAIASG
KPVSKVLCSYLDTFSELNSQQMEELVNTYLSTKPSVITSASADYQKLPNLLTATCLEPER
MAQLIDVHQKMFLR |
Full BLAST |
BLAST mature toxin only
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| mRNA Sequences |
>as:δ-Latroinsectotoxin-Lt1a|gb:X92679 cDNA sequence for precursor of insecticidal toxin (Delta-latroinsectotoxin) from venom of the black widow spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus
GGTCAATTGAAACTTTATGATAGGATTCACTTTCTTATATAGAAATGCATTCCAAAGAAT
TACAAACTATTTCAGCAGCGGTAGCACGAAAAGCAGTACCCAATACTATGGTTATTCGGT
TGAAAAGAGATGAAGAAGATGGAGAAATGACTCTAGAAGAAAGACAAGCACAATGCAAAG
CAATAGAGTACAGCAATTCAGTTTTTGGGATGATCGCTGATGTAGCTAACGACATCGGTT
CCATTCCTGTAATTGGCGAAGTAGTTGGCATTGTAACTGCCCCAATTGCCATCGTAAGTC
ACATTACTAGCGCAGGCTTGGATATAGCTTCTACGGCATTAGATTGTGATGATATACCTT
TTGATGAGATTAAGGAAATATTAGAAGAAAGATTCAATGAAATAGATAGAAAGTTGGACA
AGAACACAGCTGCTTTGGAAGAGGTCTCTAAACTGGTAAGTAAAACTTTTGTTACGGTGG
AAAAAACAAGGAATGAAATGAACGAAAATTTTAAGCTTGTTTTGGAAACTATAGAAAGCA
AAGAAATAAAATCAATTGTATTCAAAATAAATGATTTTAAAAAGTTTTTTGAAAAAGAAC
GACAAAGAATTAAAGGTTTGCCTAAAGATAGGTATGTTGCTAAGCTTCTAGAACAAAAAG
GTATTTTAGGTTCTTTAAAAGAAGTAAGAGAACCATCTGGAAACAGTCTGAGCTCCGCGT
TAAATGAACTCTTAGACAAAAACAACAACTATGCCATCCCAAAAGTGGTTGATGATAATA
AGGCCTTTCAGGCGCTGTATGCTTTATTTTATGGAACTCAGACTTATGCAGCCGTTATGT
TTTTCTTACTCGAACAACATTCTTATCTGGCTGATTATTATTACCAAAAAGGTGATGATG
TAAATTTTAATGCAGAATTTAATAATGTAGCAATTATTTTTGATGACTTTAAATCATCAC
TAACAGGAGGAGATGACGGATTAATAGATAATGTCATTGAGGTTCTTAACACCGTGAAAG
CATTACCATTTATAAAGAACGCCGACAGTAAACTATACAGAGAATTAGTAACTAGAACAA
AAGCTTTAGAGACTCTTAAAAATCAAATCAAAACGACTGATTTGCCTCTTATAGATGATA
TACCCGAAACTTTGTCTCAAGTGAACTTTCCGAATGACGAAAATCAATTGCCTACACCAA
TAGGAAATTGGGTTGATGGCGTAGAAGTTAGGTACGCAGTACAGTATGAAAGTAAGGGCA
TGTATTCGAAATTCAGTGAATGGTCTGAACCATTTACTGTCCAAGGTAACGCTTGTCCGA
CTATAAAAGTTCGTGTTGATCCGAAAAAGAGAAATAGACTTATCTTTAGGAAGTTCAACT
CAGGAAAACCTCAGTTTGCTGGAACCATGACTCATTCACAAACAAATTTTAAAGATATTC
ATCGTGATCTATACGATGCAGCCTTAAATATTAATAAGTTGAAAGCAGTGGATGAAGCTA
CAACTTTGATTGAAAAGGGTGCAGACATAGAAGCAAAATTTGACAATGACAGAAGTGCAA
TGCACGCAGTTGCATATCGAGGAAATAACAAAATAGCCTTAAGATTTCTTTTGAAAAATC
AATCCATTGACATCGAGTTAAAAGATAAAAACGGCTTTACTCCTCTACACATCGCAGCTG
AAGCAGGTCAGGCAGGATTTGTTAAGTTACTAATAAATCATGGAGCTGATGTGAATGCAA
AAACAAGTAAGACAAATTTGACACCATTACATCTTGCAACACGTAGTGGATTTTCAAAAA
CTGTAAGAAATTTACTAGAAAGCCCAAATATTAAGGTAAATGAAAAGGAGGATGACGGAT
TTACACCTTTGCATACTGCAGTAATGAGTACTTATATGGTTGTCGATGCTTTGCTAAATC
ATCCAGACATTGATAAAAATGCGCAGTCTACGTCAGGATTGACTCCTTTCCATTTAGCAA
TTATTAATGAAAGTCAAGAAGTTGCAGAATCTTTAGTGGAAAGTAATGCTGATCTAAATA
TTCAGGATGTTAACCATATGGCTCCTATTCATTTTGCAGCTTCAATGGGTAGTATTAAAA
TGCTTAGATATCTCATTTCCATAAAAGATAAAGTTAGTATTAATTCTGTGACTGAGAATA
ATAACTGGACACCTTTACATTTTGCTATATATTTTAAAAAAGAAGATGCTGCAAAAGAAT
TGTTGAAACAAGATGACATAAATTTAACAATTGTTGCAGATGGTAATCTTACCGTTTTAC
ATCTTGCTGTTTCGACAGGACAAATAAATATAATTAAAGAATTATTGAAGAGAGGCTCCA
ATATAGAAGAAAAAACTGGAGAAGGATATACATCTCTCCACATCGCTGCGATGCGAAAGG
AGCCAGAGATAGCTGTTGTTTTGATTGAAAACGGTGCTGACATAGAAGCTCGATCAGCTG
ATAATTTAACACCTTTACATTCTGCCGCAAAAATAGGAAGGAAATCTACAGTACTTTACT
TATTAGAAAAAGGAGCTGACATTGGAGCTAAAACAGCAGACGGTTCTACTGCCTTGCATT
TAGCTGTATCTGGTCGTAAAATGAAAACTGTTGAAACTCTATTAAATAAAGGAGCAAATT
TAAAAGAATACGATAACAATAAATATTTGCCAATACATAAAGCTATTATTAATGATGACC
TTGACATGGTACGTTTGTTTCTTGAAAAAGATCCCAGTCTCAAAGATGATGAAACAGAAG
AGGGTAGAACTTCAATTATGTTAATTGTTCAGAAATTGCTTCTTGAATTATATAACTATT
TTATAAATAATTATGCTGAAACTTTGGATGAAGAAGCTTTATTCAACCGCTTAGATGAAC
AAGGGAAATTAGAGCTTGCATATATCTTCCATAATAAAGAAGGTGATGCAAAAGAGGCTG
TTAAGCCAACTATCCTTGTTACAATTAAACTTATGGAATACTGCTTAAAAAAACTTCGCG
AAGAGTCTGGAGCTCCTGAAGGTAGTTTCGATTCTCCATCTTCAAAGCAATGTATTTCTA
CCTTTTCAGAGGATGAAATGTTTCGTCGTACTTTACCGGAAATTGTAAAAGAAACGAACA
GCAGATATTTACCACTAAAGGGCTTTTCTCGCAGCCTAAATAAGTTTCTCCCTTCTCTAA
AATTTGCCGAAAGTAAGAATAGCTACAGATCTGAAAATTTTGTTAGCAATATTGATTCCA
ACGGAGCATTACTTTTACTCGATGTATTTATCAGAAAGTTTACTAATGAGAAATACAATT
TGACTGGAAAAGAAGCTGTACCCTATCTGGAAGCAAAGGCTTCATCATTACGTATCGCTT
CTAAATTTGAAGAACTTCTAACTGAAGTTAAAGGTATTCCGGCTGGAGAGCTAATTAATA
TGGCCGAAGTGAGTTCCAACATACATAAGGCAATTGCAAGTGGTAAGCCTGTATCAAAAG
TCTTATGTTCGTATTTGGATACCTTTTCTGAATTAAATTCTCAACAAATGGAAGAATTAG
TTAACACATACTTATCCACCAAACCTTCTGTAATTACGTCAGCATCTGCAGATTACCAGA
AACTTCCTAATTTGTTAACTGCAACTTGCTTAGAACCAGAAAGAATGGCTCAACTTATAG
ATGTGCATCAAAAGATGTTTTTACGTTAAAATACCATTCCTTCTGTGTCATCCATTGAGT
ATATGGATTGGCTCTTTCTTTTATGCAAATATTTTTTCCACTTTAATGATTTATTTCGGA
TTGTGATTTTCTCACTTCTTTCTTGTTTATTTCGTTGTTCTGTGCTTTTGAGTGAAATTA
TCTGATAATCATTTCTGAGTTAGTTTCTCTTCTAAGGAGTTTTAGGTATTTGGAATTACA
TTAGTTTTGGTTTCGGGTTTTACTTCTATATTTTGTCCAAAGTAATTTGTAGGAGGGAAT
TTCTAAAAAGGAATGGAATCGTTGATAAATAGTTTTGTATTATTGTACCTTTATAATAAT
AAGACTTTAAAGTCAATTTTTTAAAACCAAGCATAAAGTATAGAAGGACTCGTATGTTAT
ATAATGAAATAATAAGTTGCCAAATGTCATGGATTCAATCAAACAAATTTAAATAATTAA
TAATGCAAAAATTTTTTAACTTTTTTAATGTTCTTAGTATATTAAGTCAATAATTTAATA
AATACTTTCTAGTTTAATTTTGCTATCTGCTATTACTCTAATTATCAAACTAGTTATAAA
TTCTAAATATTCTCGTAACATTATTTTAAAAGTGTAAATAGAGAGACTATATTTTTTAAT
TATATCCATTTTTATATTGTTAATTTAATTCTTCAAAATTACATTCCTTTTCCTGCATTA
TTATTTACAATTCATTAAATGCCTATATTTTAAAGACAATACTCAAGTTTCAGATTATTA
TAAACAGTCTTATATTGATTCAACGTAAAATTTTATTGACAATTGCAAAGAAATAATAAT
TTAAAATTGTATTTAAGTATTTTGAAACAGTTTGATTTTTATTGCAATATGAATCTAAAT
TATTTTCAAACAATGATAGAA |
Full BLAST
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| Synonym |
Type |
| δ-Latroinsectotoxin-Lt1a |
Recommended full name |
| δ-LIT-Lt1a |
Recommended abbreviation |
| δ-Latroinsectotoxin |
Synonym |
| δ-LIT |
Synonym (abbreviation) |
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