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| Toxin Name |
κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c |
| Source Species |
Hadronyche versuta (Blue Mountains funnel-web spider) |
| Toxin Group |
Hexatoxin |
| Description |
Insecticidal toxin from Blue Mountains funnel-web spider. Lethal to a wide variety of insects but inactive when injected into rabbits and newborn mice. Blocks insect but not vertebrate calcium-activated potassium channels. Contains an extremely rare vicinal disulfide bond that is critical for toxin activity. Pan-neuronal expression in Drosophila is lethal but flies engineered to express the toxin only in clock neurons have defects in circadian rhythm but a normal lifespan. |
| Discovered |
2000 |
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| This toxin last updated on May 01, 2015 |
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| Current Taxonomy |
Historic Taxonomy |
| Kingdom |
Animalia |
| Phylum |
Arthropoda |
| Class |
Arachnida |
| Order |
Araneae |
| Infra-order |
Mygalomorphae |
| Family |
Hexathelidae |
| Genus |
Hadronyche |
| Species |
versuta |
|
| Hadronyche versuta |
| Pseudatrax moreaui |
| Aname bicolor |
| Atrax bicolor |
| Atrax versuta |
|
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| Molecular Target |
ED50 |
IC50 |
Kd |
Pharmacophore |
Comment |
| Potassium channel, calcium-activated (Slo-type) (invertebrate) |
|
2.6
nM
|
|
Inhibition of K(Ca) currents in cockroach dorsal unpaired median neurons |
|
| Potassium channel, calcium-activated (vertebrate): KCa1.1 (BK-type) |
|
9700.0
nM
|
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Mouse channel (mSlo) expressed in HEK293 cells. The true IC50 is likely higher than this value as it was at the limit of the experimental range. |
|
| Taxon |
ED50 |
LD50 |
PD50 |
Qualitative Information |
| Spodoptera frugiperda |
|
3070.0
pmol/g
|
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Recombinant toxin, by injection
|
| Lucilia cuprina |
|
278.0
pmol/g
|
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Synthetic toxin, measured 24 hours after intra-thoracical injection
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| Acheta domesticus |
|
167.0
pmol/g
|
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Native toxin, by injection
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| Musca domestica |
|
91.0
pmol/g
|
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Native toxin, by injection
|
| Heliothis virescens |
|
3195.0
pmol/g
|
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Recombinant toxin, by injection
|
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| Original Deposition References |
Wang X.-H., Connor M., Smith R., Maciejewski M.W., Howden M.E.H., Nicholson G.M., Christie M.J., King G.F.
Nature Structural Biology 7:505-513(2000).
Discovery and characterization of a family of insecticidal neurotoxins with a rare vicinal disulfide bridge.
|
| Other References |
Maggio F., King G.F.
J. Biol. Chem. 277:22806-22813(2002).
Scanning mutagenesis of a Janus-faced atracotoxin reveals a bipartite surface patch that is essential for neurotoxic function.
|
Maggio F., King G.F.
Toxicon 40:1355-1361(2002).
Role of the structurally disordered N- and C-terminal residues in the Janus-faced atracotoxins.
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Tedford H.W., Maggio F., Reenan R.A., King G.
Peptides 28:51-56(2007)
A model genetic system for testing the in vivo function of peptide toxins
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Gunning S.J., Maggio F., Windley M.J., Valenzuela S.M., King G.F., Nicholson G.M.
FEBS J. 275:4045-59(2008).
The Janus-faced atracotoxins are specific blockers of invertebrate K(Ca) channels.
|
Wu Y., Cao G., Pavlicek B., Luo X., Nitabach M.N.
PLoS Biol. 6:e273(2008)
Phase coupling of a circadian neuropeptide with rest/activity rhythms detected using a membrane-tethered spider toxin
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de Araujo AD, Herzig V, Windley MJ, Dziemborowicz S, Mobli M, Nicholson GM, Alewood PF, King GF
Antioxid Redox Signal. 19(16): 1976–1980.
Do vicinal disulfide bridges mediate functionally
important redox transformations in proteins?
|
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| Disulfide Bonds |
| Left Residue |
Right Residue |
Evidence |
| 3 |
17 |
Experimentally determined |
| 10 |
22 |
Experimentally determined |
| 13 |
14 |
Experimentally determined |
| 16 |
32 |
Experimentally determined |
|
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| Peptide Sequences |
>as:κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c_1|sp:P82228 Insecticidal toxin from Blue Mountains funnel-web spider Hadronyche versuta
AICTGADRPCAACCPCCPGTSCKAESNGVSYCRKDEP |
Full BLAST |
BLAST mature toxin only
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>as:κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c_2 Translation κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c insecticidal toxin (XenFW386) from Blue Mountains funnel-web spider Hadronyche versuta.
MNTATCFIVLLDVATVIGGIEAGESDMRKDVMGLFRRAICTGADRPCAACCPCCPGTSCK
AESNGVSYCRKDEP |
Full BLAST |
BLAST mature toxin only
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>as:κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c_3 Translation κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c insecticidal toxin (XenFW393) from Blue Mountains funnel-web spider Hadronyche versuta.
MNTATCFIVLLVVATVIGGIEAGEFDMRKDVMGLFRRAICTGADRPCAACCPCCPGTSCK
AESNGVSYCRKDEP |
Full BLAST |
BLAST mature toxin only
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>as:κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c_4 Translation κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c insecticidal toxin (XenFW402) from Blue Mountains funnel-web spider Hadronyche versuta.
MNTATCFIVFLVVATVIGGIEAGESDMRKDVMGLFRRAICTGADRPCAACCPCCPGTSCK
AESNGVSYCRKDEP |
Full BLAST |
BLAST mature toxin only
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| mRNA Sequences |
>as:κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c_2 cDNA sequence (XenFW386) for insecticidal toxin κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c from the spider Hadronyche versuta.
ATGAATACTGCTACATGTTTCATCGTTCTTTTGGATGTGGCGACTGTCATCGGAGGCATT
GAAGCAGGAGAATCTGATATGAGAAAAGATGTCATGGGATTATTTCGCCGAGCTATTTGC
ACTGGAGCCGACAGACCGTGCGCGGCGTGCTGCCCGTGCTGCCCAGGGACCTCGTGCAAA
GCAGAATCAAACGGTGTTTCTTATTGCAGGAAAGACGAACCTTGAATCCCAACTCAAATC
ATTTCCCTTCGCATGATATTTTCTATTAATGTCTTTTATCGTTGCAAGGAAATGTCAATG
GTTATGTTGAACGTTATGTAAAACGTTGACTATGAAATAAAATGTGAACAATAATTAAAT
ACCTGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA |
Full BLAST
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>as:κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c_3 cDNA sequence (XenFW393) for insecticidal toxin κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c from the spider Hadronyche versuta.
ATGAATACTGCTACATGTTTCATCGTTCTTTTGGTTGTGGCGACTGTCATCGGAGGCATT
GAAGCAGGAGAATTTGATATGAGAAAAGATGTCATGGGATTATTTCGCCGAGCTATTTGC
ACTGGAGCCGACAGACCGTGCGCGGCGTGCTGCCCGTGCTGCCCAGGGACCTCGTGCAAA
GCAGAATCAAACGGTGTTTCTTATTGCAGGAAAGACGAACCTTGAATCCCAACTCAAATC
ATTTCCCTTCGCATGATATTTTCTATTAATGTCTTTTATCGTTGCAAGGAAATGTCAATG
GTTATGTTGAACGTTATGTAAAACGTTGACTATGAAATAAAATGTGAACAATAATTAAAT
CCCTTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC |
Full BLAST
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>as:κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c_4 cDNA sequence (XenFW402) for insecticidal toxin κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c from the spider Hadronyche versuta.
ATGAATACTGCTACATGTTTCATCGTTTTTTTGGTTGTGGCGACTGTCATCGGAGGCATT
GAAGCAGGAGAATCTGATATGAGAAAAGATGTCATGGGATTATTTCGCCGAGCTATTTGC
ACTGGAGCCGACAGACCGTGCGCGGCGTGCTGCCCGTGCTGCCCAGGGACCTCGTGCAAA
GCAGAATCAAACGGTGTTTCTTATTGCAGGAAAGACGAACCTTGAATCCCAACTCAAATC
ATTTCCCTTCGCATGATATTTTCTATTAATGTCTTTTATCGTTGCAAGGAAATGTCAATG
GTTATGTTGAACGTTATGTAAAACGTTGACTATGAAATAAAATGTGAACAATAATTAAAT
ACCTTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA |
Full BLAST
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| Synonym |
Type |
| κ-hexatoxin-Hv1c |
Recommended full name |
| κ-HXTX-Hv1c |
Recommended abbreviation |
| κ-atracotoxin-Hv1c |
Synonym |
| Janus-faced-atracotoxin-Hv1c |
Synonym |
| κ-ACTX-Hv1c |
Synonym (abbreviation) |
| J-atracotoxin-Hv1c |
Synonym (abbreviation) |
| J-ACTX-Hv1c |
Synonym (abbreviation) |
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