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| Toxin Name |
κ-sparatoxin-Hv1a |
| Source Species |
Heteropoda venatoria (Huntsman spider) |
| Toxin Group |
Sparatoxin |
| Description |
Blocks transient outward voltage-gated potassium channels in rat ventricular myocytes (thus prolonging action-potential duration) and rat Kv4.2 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Assumed to be a relatively nonspecific blocker of Kv4 channels based on homology with κ-sparatoxin-Hv1b. Also reported to be a weak blocker of calcium channels in rat cerebellar granule cells. |
| Discovered |
1992 |
|
Sex: female
Photo courtesy of Bastian Rast
Use of photo governed by creative
commons noncommercial license
|
| This toxin last updated on Aug 10, 2010 |
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| Current Taxonomy |
Historic Taxonomy |
| Kingdom |
Animalia |
| Phylum |
Arthropoda |
| Class |
Arachnida |
| Order |
Araneae |
| Infra-order |
Araneomorphae |
| Family |
Sparassidae |
| Genus |
Heteropoda |
| Species |
venatoria |
|
| Aranea pallens |
| Aranea regia |
| Aranea venatoria |
| Helicopis maderiana |
| Heteropoda ferina |
| Heteropoda ledleyi |
| Heteropoda minschana |
| Heteropoda ocellata |
| Heteropoda regia |
| Heteropoda shimen |
| Heteropoda squamacea |
| Heteropoda venatoria |
| Heteropoda venatoria pluridentata |
| Micrommata setulosa |
| Ocypete bruneiceps |
| Ocypete draco |
| Ocypete murina |
| Ocypete pallens |
| Ocypete setulosa |
| Olios albifrons |
| Olios antillianus |
| Olios colombianus |
| Olios freycineti |
| Olios gabonensis |
| Olios javensis |
| Olios leucosius |
| Olios lunula |
| Olios maderianus |
| Olios regius |
| Olios setulosus |
| Olios zonatus |
| Palystes ledleyi |
| Palystes maderianus |
| Sarotes regius |
| Sarotes venatorius |
| Sinopoda pengi |
| Sinopoda venatoria |
| Sparassus ammanita |
| Thomisus leucosius |
| Thomisus venatorius |
|
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| Molecular Target |
ED50 |
IC50 |
Kd |
Pharmacophore |
Comment |
| Potassium channel, voltage-gated (vertebrate): Non-selective KV4.x |
|
100.0
nM
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This corresponds to the concentration of toxin that causes a 50% reduction in current carried by rat Kv4.2 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes at a test potential near 0 mV. |
|
| Original Deposition References |
Kelbaugh P.R., Saccomano N.A., Volkmann R.A.
Patent number US5627154, 06-MAY-1997.
Calcium channel blocking polypeptides from Heteropoda venatoria.
|
| Other References |
Kelbaugh P.R., Saccomano N.A., Volkmann R.A.
Patent number WO 1994/010195 A1, 11-MAY-1994.
Calcium channel blocking polypeptides from Heteropoda venatoria.
|
Sanguinetti M.C., Johnson J.H., Hammerland L.G., Kelbaugh P.R., Volkmann R.A., Saccomano N.A., Mueller A.L.
Mol. Pharmacol. 51:491-498(1997).
Heteropodatoxins: peptides isolated from spider venom that block Kv4.2 potassium channels.
|
Sanguinetti M.C., Mueller A.L.
Patent number WO 1998/016185 A2, 17-OCT-1997.
Potassium channel blocking compounds and their use
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Bernard C., Legros C., Ferrat G., Bischoff U., Marquardt A., Pongs O., Darbon H.
Protein Sci. 9:2059-2067(2000).
Solution structure of hpTX2, a toxin from Heteropoda venatoria spider that blocks Kv4.2 potassium channel.
|
Zarayskiy V.V., Balasubramanian G., Bondarenko V.E., Morales M.J.
Toxicon 45:431-442(2005).
Heteropoda toxin 2 is a gating modifier toxin specific for voltage-gated K+ channels of the Kv4 family.
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| Disulfide Bonds |
Posttranslational modifications |
| Left Residue |
Right Residue |
Evidence |
| 2 |
17 |
By homology |
| 9 |
22 |
By homology |
| 16 |
27 |
By homology |
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| Residue Number |
Type |
Symbol |
| 33 |
C-terminal amidation |
NH₂ |
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| Peptide Sequences |
>as:κ-sparatoxin-Hv1a|sp:P58425 Potassium channel toxin (Heteropodatoxin-1) from the spider Heteropoda venatoria
DCGTIWHYCGTDQSECCEGWKCSRQLCKYVIDW |
Full BLAST |
BLAST mature toxin only
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| Synonym |
Type |
| κ-sparatoxin-Hv1a |
Recommended full name |
| κ-SPRTX-Hv1a |
Recommended abbreviation |
| Heteropodatoxin-1 |
Synonym |
| Toxin AU3/KJ5 |
Synonym |
| HpTX1 |
Synonym (abbreviation) |
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